Iranian International Journal Of Social Sciences
Volume:13 Issue: 1, Winter 2023

almost every organization. Without a doubt, Nigeria has not been an exception especially as the reports by the International Labor Organization (ILO, 2009) and the Nigeria Labor Congress (NLC, 2016) show that the majority of workers in the banking sector, oil and gas sector, telecommunication industries and the manufacturing companies are casual workers. It was against this setting that this study examined the effect of casualization of employment on the work behavior of employees of two selected industries in Ilorin. The study adopted a survey research design. Questionnaires and interviews were used for data collection. Data were analyzed through descriptive statistics (simple percentage, frequency table) and inferential statistics (chi-square analysis). The study revealed that casualization of work is not a strange phenomenon to workers of the selected organization but the majority of them were not satisfied with the act. Finally, the study recommends that the NLC should be more proactive and find a means to reduce the menace of casual work.

The stock exchange is one of the key building blocks of the country's economy, and focusing on this organization not only brings prosperity to this organization but also to the development and progress of the national economy. Due to the fact that the factors that can influence this organization must be examined. Therefore, the current research was carried out with the aim of sociological analysis of socio-economic factors affecting the collapse of social capital of shareholders in the Tehran stock market. The present study is non-experimental, exploratory qualitative research carried out using field studies. The statistical population comprises all the shareholders of the Tehran Stock Exchange in 2020-2021, who were selected via purposeful sampling until reaching theoretical saturation. Data were collected using unstructured open interviews and analyzed through the Strauss and Corbin's systemic approach. In the sociological investigation of socio-economic factors affecting the attraction of shareholders in the Tehran stock market, a paradigmatic approach and model were attained as the collapse of social capital and its impact on the stock market and the lack of economic knowledge regarding the stock market. The subsequent stages of the research and the profound examination of the subjects and categories revealed that the preceding phenomena are part of the key and greater phenomena including lack of institutionalization, abandonment, and risk of investing in the stock market.

The proliferation of social networks and their many capabilities has become a double-edged sword that people use both morally and immorally. The purpose of this study is to find the important factors affecting the moral decisions of individuals, which is based on the theory of planned behavior (Theory of Planned Behavior). For this purpose, four different scenarios have been designed that have been used in the final questionnaire to examine the impact of different factors on the moral or immoral behavior of individuals. A total of 660 valid answers were collected from the questionnaires, which were analyzed through the partial least squares’ technique - structural equation modeling. The results showed that attitude is the most effective factor, followed by perceived behavioral control and mental norms of individuals as influential factors on moral decisions. Finally, the role of different scenarios as a moderator was investigated and the results showed that the intensity of the relationship between the factors identified in different scenarios is different.

National Media is the largest media group in Iran in terms of influencing the society. But it has not been able to adapt and synchronize itself with the new developments in the field of communication and the emergence of virtual space. Despite the repeated emphasis in the country's development plans and the existing high-level documents, the measures taken in this regard are not satisfactory and the lack of attention to this issue has led to the lack of use of related opportunities and the dissatisfaction of the stakeholders in this field. Therefore, it is very important to design the presentation of a model in order to transform the virtual space of the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB) in accordance with increasing the functionality of the virtual space among the audience. The purpose of the research was to determine the opportunities, threats, weaknesses and strengths of the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB) to operate in the virtual space and also to know the causal relationships between the consequences and components of the transformation in the functioning of the virtual space of the broadcasting. The type of research is a combined quantitative and qualitative method, which is a descriptive-surveillance quantitative method (the statistical population of all managers and senior experts of the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB) in the field of cyber space in the cyber space deputy and other deputy offices was 152 people. The sample size of 109 people was determined by Cochran's formula. The statistical sample was selected using the stratified random sampling method and in the qualitative method, first by analyzing the qualitative data of the interview with the theme analysis method, the indicators and components of the conceptual model were finalized. And after that, the questionnaire was prepared and organized. In the following, the validation of the model was done using confirmatory factor analysis. A model was extracted from this research for creating transformation in the virtual space of the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB), which has six main components: content production, opportunities and threats, strengths and weaknesses, transformation components, introduction platforms and transformation consequences. In the quantitative dimension, based on the results of the tests, a component of the transformation of the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB) has a positive, direct and significant effect on the consequences of the transformation of the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB). The effect of turning threats (in IRIB for social media activity) into opportunities for social media activity is meaningful, positive and direct. Weaknesses in IRIB for social media activity have a positive, direct and significant effect on IRIB strengths for social media activity.

The cultivation pattern refers to the determination of an agricultural system with a sustainable economic advantage based on the country's macro policies, the local knowledge of farmers and the optimal use of regional potentials by observing the eco-physiological principles of agricultural production in order to preserve the environment, which is of great importance. This study has been conducted with the aim of evaluating the economic and social consequences of changing the cultivation pattern in Golestan province from the land reforms until now. The present study is considered as a qualitative-exploratory study that uses the Delphi method and the group interview technique. According to the results of the self-interaction matrix, among the dimensions of economic factors, the variables of modern irrigation methods and production sustainability are assigned to level 1, the variables of economic well-being, infrastructure, land reforms, farmers' income to level 2, and the variables of labor productivity, the access to inputs, investment and employment to level 3. Among the dimensions of social factors, the variables of increasing the density of cultivation, reducing the negative environmental effects, sustainable rural development, improving organizational farming practices, reducing the pollution of personal natural resources are assigned to level 1, the variables of social prestige, changing the attitude towards agriculture to level 2 and variables of social trust, knowledge and awareness, modification of organizational water consumption pattern, change in the land-use type, social participation and cohesion to level 3.

Humans are social beings who create a set of values and rules in society and with the networks they have, which is considered as an effective factor in creating a safe society and away from social harm. In line with this important issue, this research was also conducted with the aim of "investigating the impact of network social capital on the social harms of youth" among young people aged 18-29 in Tehran Khazaneh neighborhood. The theoretical framework of the research was formed by combining the theories of Coleman, Putnam, Bourdieu, Fukuyama, Sutherland and Newman. The survey method was researcher-made questionnaire technique and stratified sampling. The sample size was also determined based on Cochran's formula (384). Hypotheses test was also done using path analysis test using LESREL8.8 and mean comparison test and variance analysis using SPSS 26. According to the results of the path analysis test, network social capital has positive and significant effects on social harm among the youth of Khazane neighborhood. Also, a significant difference was observed between network social capital (Intra- neighborhood and extra-neighborhood) in relation to social harm, and people whose social connections were limited to their own neighborhood were more exposed to social harm compared to people who had wider connections with outside the neighborhood. It was observed that the level of social harm is lower among women, married and employed people than among men, single and unemployed.

Protests over the economic conditions in December 2017 (1396) constitute the most significant social crisis in Iran in current decade. This work aims to search for the origin of political and social protests within this event in Iran in order to better understanding roots of unrests which Law Enforcement Forces particularly Law Enforcement Force of Islamic Republic of Iran (NAJA) has to deal with them. The research method is based on explanation and study of genesis and origins of shaping of the protests of different classes in December 2017 with a focus on relative deprivation theory, especially the ideas of Ted Robert Gurr as the base theory as well as theories of social alienation. In this research, by sending a questionnaire to 250 faculty members and professors as statistical population, in order to study the results, the original weighting method (cardinal) and paired comparisons were used. The results of this study showed that the comparison of social indices under study shows public discontent with its most important social rights. The most important and effective factors are economic corruption, discrimination and social inequality resulting from judiciary injustice, poverty and deprivation of most of Iranian population which results in a feeling of relative deprivation and a feeling of self-alienation and consequently leads to political and social protests and Law Enforcement Force of Islamic Republic of Iran (NAJA) dealt with it. The difference between the legitimate expectations and the realities of the outside world and lack of attention to value and political changes along with economic demands and creation of equality and social justice are the main sources of political and social protests in the past two decades. As a result, a feeling of relative deprivation and a feeling of self-alienation are the most important factors in protests and unrest in this year in Iran.

This study mainly aims at recognizing the effect of the expansion of Iran’s business relations in 19th century, in the form of global international capitalism system and its effect on the formation of intermediary marketers in Qajar Dynasty.  Historical research method is used in this study and travel reports, memories and historical documents have been used in this study to collect information. According to the research findings, expanding business relations with European countries and Russia, gradually and throughout the time and at the end of the first half of 19th century, the marketers of Qajar Dynasty turned into the intermediaries of commodities produced by colonizing countries and exporters of raw materials to them. Despite making effort to form business companies in a modern way, high-order marketers merely fomented the process of Iran’s dependency and turning it into the market of western commodities due to turning to exchange and intermediation and their measures led to the closure of production workshops. As a result, more than the formation of an independent capitalist class, petite bourgeoisie class and few intermediary capitalist class were widely formed at the end of 19th century.

Household jobs, as an employment effort, seek to empower rural women economically and socially and sustainable rural development, but in practice creating and expanding these types of jobs face many individual and structural obstacles. This paper aims to identify individual barriers to the development of household jobs in rural areas east of Golestan province including Gonbad, Minoodasht and Kalaleh counties. The research was a mixed-qualitative study that was studied in the qualitative section using Delphi technique of 20 experts and rural development specialists using interview tools. A survey research method was used to perform a quantitative part in which 381 rural working women were selected as the sample population from 14,185 people and were studied by a researcher-made questionnaire. Low level of creativity and innovation and risk level in creating new jobs and low level of literacy and skills of rural women. The findings of the survey also showed that the development of domestic and rural jobs has a significant relationship with individual barriers, as well as the promotion and development of rural household jobs has a significant relationship with the (modern) and participatory approach.

Social status plays a significant role in guaranteeing any society’s dynamism and efficiency. Since the presence of knowledgeable and efficient people with work conscience is the important prerequisite for the growth and prosperity of any society, growing and strengthening their motivation for progress generates energy and appropriately orients their behavior, interests, and needs in line with achieving specific and valuable goals. Besides, since social status plays a major role in functions in all personal, family, and social fields, correct and comprehensive planning in providing social status obviously seems necessary. Given the importance of the issue of relationship between different dimensions of assistant councilors’ social status and work conscience, the current study investigates and analyzes the relationship between different dimensions of Tehran neighborhood assistant councilors’ social status (gaining position and respect, revenue and wealth, value and importance, and job preference) as independent variable and their work conscience as dependent variable. The findings reveal a positive, direct, and significant relationship between all dimensions of social status and its total amount with work conscience of Tehran neighborhood assistant councilors. Meanwhile, the relationship between assistant councilors’ gaining status and social respect and work conscience (P=0.38) has the highest correlation coefficient and the relationship between assistant councilors’ revenue and wealth and work conscience has the lowest correlation coefficient (P=0.25). Moreover, social value and importance (P=0.35) and job preference (P=0.30) have a positive and significant correlation with assistant councilors’ work conscience. Thus, it can be argued that the higher the level of social status (P=0.32) and its dimensions among the Tehran neighborhoods assistant councilors is, the higher the level of their work conscience will be. Hence, all the hypotheses of the present research are confirmed.